The research involved multiple procedures to develop and validate the new measure, Chinese Kindergarten Quality Rating Scale (CKQRS). Firstly, in the development stage, the ecological system model, Integrated Model of ECEC Quality, was adopted as a conceptual framework to develop the items of CKQRS. The items were reviewed by an expert review panel composed of 18 ECEC experts to thoroughly review the content and assure the content validity of the new measure by means of a Delphi method. Secondly, one hundred and twelve kindergartens were evaluated through on-site observation by different measures, including the CKQRS, Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R), and Programme Administration Scale (PAS) in order to assess the concurrent validity of the CKQRS. Thirdly, the CKQRS was further examined for the factorial structure, the psychometric equivalence of the rating scale across sub-groups (i.e. measurement invariance), and the internal consistency.